Atomic and Nuclear Physics by AB Gupta PDF 14: From Special Relativity to Elementary Particles

where Q+ is the energy difference in atomic masses between parent and daughter ground states, Ei is the energy of the final nuclear state in the daughter nucleus, and EX is the binding energy of the captured electron, X. The released energy, Eν will be shared by the emitted neutrino and, if applicable, the Bremsstrahlung photon or shaking electron. For allowed transitions nearly all vacancies occur on the s shells (K, L1, M1, etc.) with the inner-most shells dominating. Comprehensive compilations of the relevant electron capture probability ratios for the K, L, M, N, and O shells were presented by Schönfeld [6]. Leaving aside the effect of β+ decay, which may compete with electron capture, the basic relation between the subshell capture ratios (PX) is

atomic and nuclear physics by ab gupta pdf 14

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The full relaxation of the initial vacancy created in the nuclear event (Section 2) is a multistep process. While the fundamental physical picture of the individual atomic transitions remains similar to the one described above, the atomic structure will continuously change. This change will affect both the atomic-binding energies and transition rates.

To improve the understanding of the atomic radiation spectra in nuclear decay a new approach is required, which should use new theoretical transition energies and rates. In addressing this need we propose to adopt the following protocol for a new Monte Carlo approach.

The contribution of the CP violating three-gluon Weinberg operator, \( \frac13!wf^abc\epsilon^\nu \rho \alpha \betaG_\mu \nu^aG_\alpha \beta^bG_\rho^c\mu \), to the atomic and nuclear EDMs is estimated using QCD sum rules. After calculating the transition matrix element between the pion and the vacuum through the Weinberg operator, we obtain the long-range CP-odd nuclear force by determining the isovector CP-odd pion-nucleon vertex, using chiral perturbation theory at NLO. The EDMs of 199Hg, 129Xe, and 225Ra atoms, as well as those of 2H and 3He nuclei are finally given including comprehensive uncertainty analysis. While the leading contribution of the 199Hg EDM is given by the intrinsic nucleon EDM, that of 129Xe atom may be dominated by the one-pion exchange CP-odd nuclear force generated by the Weinberg operator. From current experimental data of the 199Hg atomic EDM, we obtain an upper limit on the Weinberg operator magnitude of w

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